def f(a, b, c, d):
    print(a, b, c, d)

def f(s:str = "1") -> int:
    return s * 2
print(f(), isinstance(f(), int))

def maker(f, args, kwargs):
    return 1 + f(*args, **kwargs)
m1 = maker(lambda a, b: a + b, (5, ), {"b": 2})
m2 = maker(lambda a, b: a * b, [4, 5], {})
print(m1 + m2)

def f(test, *args):
    res = []
    for arg in args:
        if test(arg):
            res.append(arg)
    return sum(res)
data = [-4, 2, -1, 5, -6, 3]
negative = lambda x: x < 0
neg = f(negative, *data)
positive = lambda x: x > 0
pos = f(positive, *data)
print(neg, pos)

def f(transform, *args):
    res = args[0]
    for arg in args[1:]:
        res = transform(res, arg)
    return res

data = [-4, 2, -1, 5, -6, 3]
func = lambda x, n: x * (-1)**n
print(int(f(func, *data)))

def mintwo(*args):
    tmp = list(args) 
    tmp.sort()
    return tmp[0], tmp[1]
data = [8, -4, 5, -2, 9, 3, -98]
print(*mintwo(*data))

def f(*args):
    result = []
    for x in args[0]: 
        if x in result: 
            continue 
        for word in args[1:]: 
            if x not in word: 
                break 
        else: 
            result.append(x) 
    return ''.join(result)
s1, s2, s3 = "message", "massage", "mask"
print(f(s1, s2, s3))

def f(*args):
    result = []
    for x in args[0]:  
        for word in args[1:]: 
            if x not in word: 
                break 
        else: 
            result.append(x) 
    return ''.join(result)
s1, s2, s3= "message", "massage", "mask"
print(f(s1, s2, s3))

def f(*args):
    res = ""
    l = len("".join(args[:-1]))
    for i, s in enumerate("".join(args)):
        if i > l:
            res += s
    return res
s1, s2, s3= "one", "two", "three"
print(f(s1, s2, s3))