Important notes about CHOLINERGIC system

1. Muscarinic receptors are ( Metabotropic = G.protein coupled
receptors )

2.
M1.receptors are found in ( stomach. CNS )
M2.receptors are found in Heart mainly

M3. receptors are found in
smooth muscles of urinary bladder , GIT ,boronchi of lung , eyes & also , exocrine glands
Endothelium of blood vessles

M4& M5. receptors are found in CNS


3.molecular mechanisms of
M1, 3, 5 . receptors are :

( Gq.coupled receptors )
(+) phospholipase C__>> increasing two second messengers
( ip3 ) which increases free ca++ level
(DAG) which increases protein kinase C

Leading to EXCITATORY EFFECTS

M2.4 receptors are :
( Gi.coupled .receptors )
(-) adenyl cyclase __>>
Decreasing one second messenger
(- ) cAMP. leading to decrease
Free intracelluar Ca++ level
( + ) K+. Level

Leading to : INHIBITORY EFFECT



NICOTINIC receptors are ionotrpoic
By opening Na+.channels _> membrane depolarization ----------->excitatory effects

a.Nn.receptors are foung in
1. Parts of CNS
2.autonomic ganglia
3. Suprarenal ( adrenal ) medulla


b. Nm.receptors are found in
Neuromuscular junction

خمس ادويه تركيبهن catecholamine


1- epinephrine
2- norepinephrine
3- dopamine
4- dobutamine
5- isoprenaline ( isoproterenol )



1/2/3 = natural
4/5 = synthetic


5= used in heart block / bronchil asthma ( rarely. now ) ( because it has. high risk of arrythmia )

21. Alpha. Blockers. Uses. Include :

A. Benign prostate. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertension
C. Pheochromocytoma
D. All. Of. Above

22. Alpha. Blockers adverse. Effects. Which. Is. Not. True? :

A. 1st. Dose. Phenomeon ( postural hypotension)
B. Dizziness, headache, flushing, edema
C. Reflex. Bradycardia
D. Nasal, eye congestion

23. Which. Of. The. Following. Is. Alpha/ beta. Blocker

A. Propranolol
B. Prazosin
C. Tamsulosin
D. Labetalol

24. Drugs. Used. In Pheochromomcytoma :

A. Phenoxybenzamine ( alpha.blocker)
B. Propranolol ( beta.blocker)
C. Labetalol. ( alpha/ beta blocker)
D. All. Of. Above

25. Uses. Of. Beta.bolckers. Include. The. Following. Except :

A. Heart failure ( chronic type)
B. Performance. Anxiety
C. Glucoma
D. Heart. Block



26. 1st. Choice. In pregnancy _ induced _ hypertension is

A. Clonidine
B. Epinephrine
C. Methyl.dopa
D. Dopamine

27. Uses. Of. Selective.alpha1. Agonist. Include the following except :

A. Eye. Congestion
B. Rebound nasal congestion
C. Glucoma
D. Postural. Hypotension

28. Reflex bradycardia is. Adverse. Effect. Of. :

A. Epinephrine
B. Dobutamine
C. Phenylephrine
D. Neostigmine

29. Selective _M3.agonist & used in glucoma is :

A.pilocarpine
B. Physostigmine
C.carbachol
D.epinephrine

30. Selective. M3. agonist & used in post operative. Urine. retention is :

A.pilocarpine
B. Neostoligmine
C. Carbachol
D.bethanechol


31. Salbutamol. Is :

A. Selective.. Alpha 1. Agonist
B.selective. Beta2. Agonist
C. Selective beta1. Agonist
D. Selective. Alpha2. Agonist

32. Ritodrine. Is :

A. Selective. Beta2. Antagonist
B. Used. as tocolytic in. Premature labour
C.common used in bronchial. Asthma
D. Selective.beta1. Agonist

33. Types. Of. Receptors. Include :

A. Inotropic.
B. Metabotropic
C. Enzyme. Linked receptors
D. All. Of. Above

34. Insulin receptors. Is. Exmple. Of :

A. Intracellular. Receptors
B. Inotropic. Receptors
C. Metabotropic. Receptors
D. Enzyme. Linked receptors

35. Steroid. & vitD. Receptors. Are example. Of. :

A. Intracellular. Genetic receptors
B. Enzyme linked. Receptors
C. Inotropicb receptors
D. Metabotropic. Receptors

36. Sites. Of. M1. Receptors include :

A. Brain & heart
B. Brain & stomach
C. Brain & spinal cord
D. Brain & eye

37.sites of. M2.receptors

A. Brain
B. Heart٦
C. Eye
D. Lung

38. Sites. Of. Beta2. Receptors include :

A. Lung
B. Intestine / uterus / urinary bladder
C. Liver
D. All. Of. Above

39. Actions. Of. Beta1. Receptors include:

A. Increase. HR
B. Increase. AV.conduction
C. Increase. Ventricle. Contraction
D. All. Of. Above

40. Selective Beta1. Blocker may be. Used. In :

A. Hypertension
B. Heart block
C. Severe. Bradycardia
D. Cardiac. Arrest

1.Enteral route includes all the following. Except :

A.oral
B.sublingual
C.rectal
D.IV

2.First. Pass. Metabolism. In. Which. Route :

A. Oral
B. Inhalation
C. Drops
D. None. Of. Above

3.Bioavailabilty. Is. 100% in. :

A. Oral
B. IM
C. SC
D. IV

4. In. Ischemic. Heart. Disease., best. Route. Is. :

A.oral
B. Rectal
C. IV
D. None. Of. Above

5. Advantages. Of. Oral. Route :

A. Fast. Onset ( 1_5 min)
B. No. 1.st. Pass. Metabolism
C. Best. Route. In. Emergency
D. Most. Convient.
6. IV. Route. Advantages. Include. All. Of. The. Following. Except :n

A. Fast. Onset
B. No. First pass. Metabolism
C.complete. Absorption
D. Suitable. Only. For. Small. Volume

7. SC. Route. Advantages. Include. All of the. Following. Except

A. Slow absorption. & long duration
B. Insulin. Is. Commonest. Durg
C. Adrenaline. Slowing absorption
D. Its. Best. Route. For. Emergency

8. Which. Is. True

A. Nicotinic receptors are. Metabotropic
B. Muscarinic. Receptors are Inotropic
C. Alpha. receptors. are. Inotropic
D. Beta. receptors. are. Metabotropic


9 alpha 1. Receptors. Action includes:

A. Vd. Of. Blood. Vessles
B. Bc. Of. Bronchilos
C. Heart. Stimulation
D. UB & prostate. Contraction

10. Alpha 2. Receptors. Action. Which is. Wrong. :

A. Inhibits. ACh. Release ( hetertropic effect)
B. Inhibits. NE. Release ( homotropic regulation)
C. Inhibits. Platelets. Aggregation
D. Inhibits. Insulin. / Renin / saliva. Secretion

11. Epinephrine. Indications. Include. All. Of. Following. Except ;

A. Cardiac. Arrest
B. Cardiac block
C. Cardiac. Faliure
D. Anaphylactic shock

12. Epinephrine routes. include. All of the. Following. Except :

A. IM
B.IV
C. SC
D. Oral

13. In treatment. Of. Shock. Which. Is. NOT True:
A. Epinephrine. In. Anaphylactic shock
B. Norepineohrine. In. Spinal. Shock
C. Dobutamine. In. Cardiogenic. Shock
D. epinephrine. In. Septic shock

14.which. Of. The. Following. Is. Direct. Cholinomimetic :

A.edrophonium
B.physostigmine
C.pilocarpine
D. Neostigmine

15. Which. Of. The. Following. Is. Irreversible. che. Inhibitors :

A. Methacholine
B. Pilocarolpine
C. Organophosphates
D. Neostigmine

16. Uses. Of. Cholinomimitics. Include. All. Of. The following. Except :

A. Parkinsonism
B. Alzheimers. Disease
C. Glucoma
D. Myasthenia gravis

17. Contraindications. Of. Cholinomimitcs include all. Of. Following. Except :

A. Bronchial. Asthma
B. Peptic. Ulcer.
C. Ischemic heart disease
D. Post operative. Urine retention

18. Uses. Of. Atropine. :

A. Motion sickness
B. Urine. Retention
C. Bradycardia & heart block
D. Bronchial. Asthma

19. Atropine. Toxicity treatment :

A. Iv. Organophosphates
B. Iv. Neostigmine
C. Iv. Pyridostigmine
D. Iv. Physostigmine

20. Which of. The following anticholinergic drugs. Is. Used. For. Peptic ulcer :

A. Pirenzepine
B. Ipratropium
C. Propantheline
D. Benzotropine

potency =

كمية الدواء المطلوبه للعمل

ED50 = median effective dose :

الجرعة الطلوبه لإعطاء استجابه في نصف العدد من المرضى

EC50= median effective concentraion :


يستخدموا فيها في حساب
potency of drug

( Lower. EC50 = higher potency ) ( العكس صحيح )


LD50 : median lethal dose :

الجرعة القاتله لنصف عدد المرضى ( وهذي طبعا : مفروض ما نوصلولهاش على الاطلاق )

Therapeutic index ( TI ) :
يحسبوا معدل LD50
ويقسموه على ED50

ومنها يطلعوا ( SAFETY MARGIN )

كل ما تزيد TI = كان الدواء ءامن وغير سام

كل ما تنقص TI = يكون الدواء سام وغير ءامن


Emax : أعلى جرعة تعطي مفعول

هذا تسجيل متاع اخر ورقتين في شيت الجنرال

اللهم لا سهل إلا ما جعلته سهلا وأنت تجعل الصعب إن شئت سهلا 🤲💜

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

بعد اجتماع اتحاد طلبة كلية طب وجراحة الفم والاسنان مع وكيل الكلية و رئيس قسم الدراسة والامتحانات وبعد تشاور مع عميدة الكلية د.نجاة بوبطينة تم الاتفاق على :

1- تم تأجيل امتحان السنة الرابعة في مادة طب الاسنان الاجتماعي ( Dph) الي اخر مادة في جدول مع استمرار باقي الامتحانات في موعدها .

2- تم تأجيل امتحان السنة الثالثة في مادة البريو الي يوم الثلاثاء القادم و تأجيل امتحان الريموف الي يوم الثلاثاء بتاريخ 31-5 ..وتأجيل امتحان الفكسد الي ما بعد عيد الاضحى مع مراعاة جدول في باقي المواد الاخرى بتنسيق مع الاتحاد العام .

3- اما بخصوص السنة الثانية و اولى حيتم استمرار الامتحانات في موعدها ... وهذة كانت رغبة اغلبية الطلبة .

4 بخصوص امتحانات المعامل في السنوات الاولى جاري تنسيق مع الاقسام .

الشكر الي عميدة الكلية
الصوره مورفقه بوكيل الكلية والدراسة والامتحانات
ومكتب النشاط و الاتحادات الفرعيه
ورئيس الاتحاد العام ✍🏻


الاتحاد صوت الطالب 👌🏼
#الاتحاد_العام_لكلية_طب_وجراحة_الفم_والاسنان✍🏻