🚩 Foreign Invasions Before Mauryan Empire

🛡️ Iranian (Persian) Invasion (550 - 330 BCE)
• Cyrus the Great (558 - 530 BCE): First foreign invader, captured Gandhara.
• Darius I (522 - 486 BCE): Annexed Sind, Punjab, NWFP (516 BCE), making Gandhara a Persian satrapy.
• Xerxes (486 - 465 BCE): Recruited Indian troops but failed to expand further.
• Decline (330 BCE): Darius III lost control of Indian territories after Alexander’s invasion.

🌐 Impact of Persian Invasion
• Political: Exposed India’s military weakness, influenced administrative structures.
• Trade & Economy: Opened Indus-Arabian Sea trade routes and introduced Persian coinage techniques.
• Culture: Kharoshthi script evolved from Persian Aramaic; Persian masonry influenced Mauryan art.

MPPSC Previous Year ( PYQ )

Forwarded from UPSC History

🚩 Foreign Invasions Before Mauryan Empire

🛡️ Iranian (Persian) Invasion (550 - 330 BCE)
• Cyrus the Great (558 - 530 BCE): First foreign invader, captured Gandhara.
• Darius I (522 - 486 BCE): Annexed Sind, Punjab, NWFP (516 BCE), making Gandhara a Persian satrapy.
• Xerxes (486 - 465 BCE): Recruited Indian troops but failed to expand further.
• Decline (330 BCE): Darius III lost control of Indian territories after Alexander’s invasion.

🌐 Impact of Persian Invasion
• Political: Exposed India’s military weakness, influenced administrative structures.
• Trade & Economy: Opened Indus-Arabian Sea trade routes and introduced Persian coinage techniques.
• Culture: Kharoshthi script evolved from Persian Aramaic; Persian masonry influenced Mauryan art.

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