Channel: UPSC Mapping Prelims Mains
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π Global Ocean Heat Content (OHC) β Climate Indicator
π Definition: Total heat absorbed & stored in oceans, measured at various depths.
β Key Facts
β’ Oceans absorb 90% of excess global heat.
β’ Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans warm faster than global average.
β’ Since 1980s, OHC has doubled/tripled (2023 study).
β Significance
β’ Drives sea level rise, alters weather, disrupts ecosystems, and strengthens cyclones.
β’ A stable climate change indicator beyond surface temperatures.
#Geography
π Definition: Total heat absorbed & stored in oceans, measured at various depths.
β Key Facts
β’ Oceans absorb 90% of excess global heat.
β’ Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans warm faster than global average.
β’ Since 1980s, OHC has doubled/tripled (2023 study).
β Significance
β’ Drives sea level rise, alters weather, disrupts ecosystems, and strengthens cyclones.
β’ A stable climate change indicator beyond surface temperatures.
#Geography
π External Migration: A Double-Edged Sword
πMigration brings economic benefits but also social challenges.
β Positive Impacts
β’ Remittances boost economy: India received over $100 billion recently.
β’ Employment generation abroad: Eases pressure on local job markets.
β’ Skill transfer: Returnees bring global expertise (e.g., IT professionals).
β’ Improved living standards: Better access to health and education.
β’ Cultural exposure: Enhances language, awareness, global ties.
β’ Diplomatic leverage: Diaspora strengthens Indiaβs global influence.
β Negative Impacts
β’ Brain drain: Skilled youth, especially STEM grads, migrate.
β’ Family disruption: Long separation causes emotional stress.
β’ Regional imbalance: Punjab, Kerala over-dependent on remittances.
β’ Worker exploitation: Many face wage theft, legal issues abroad.
β’ Remittance dependency: Economic shocks like COVID-19 hit hard.
β’ Cultural erosion: Identity conflicts among migrant youth.
#geography #society
Join https://hottg.com/Mapping_prelims_mains
πMigration brings economic benefits but also social challenges.
β Positive Impacts
β’ Remittances boost economy: India received over $100 billion recently.
β’ Employment generation abroad: Eases pressure on local job markets.
β’ Skill transfer: Returnees bring global expertise (e.g., IT professionals).
β’ Improved living standards: Better access to health and education.
β’ Cultural exposure: Enhances language, awareness, global ties.
β’ Diplomatic leverage: Diaspora strengthens Indiaβs global influence.
β Negative Impacts
β’ Brain drain: Skilled youth, especially STEM grads, migrate.
β’ Family disruption: Long separation causes emotional stress.
β’ Regional imbalance: Punjab, Kerala over-dependent on remittances.
β’ Worker exploitation: Many face wage theft, legal issues abroad.
β’ Remittance dependency: Economic shocks like COVID-19 hit hard.
β’ Cultural erosion: Identity conflicts among migrant youth.
#geography #society
Join https://hottg.com/Mapping_prelims_mains
π Melting Himalayan Glaciers: Cascading Effects on Indiaβs Water Resources
(UPSC 2020, 2013)
β Accelerated glacial melt, driven by climate change, threatens Indiaβs water security
β Himalayan glaciers feed Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus β vital for agriculture, hydropower, and drinking water
β Initial melt may cause flooding (e.g., Uttarakhand 2013)
β Long-term effects: reduced river flows during dry seasons
β May trigger:
β’ Water shortages
β’ Crop failures
β’ Interstate water conflicts
β’ Decline in groundwater recharge, esp. in Indo-Gangetic Plain
β’ Disrupted monsoons β strain on water systems
π Urgent need for:
β‘οΈ Sustainable adaptation strategies
β‘οΈ Efficient water management practices
#geography
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Mapping_prelims_mains
(UPSC 2020, 2013)
β Accelerated glacial melt, driven by climate change, threatens Indiaβs water security
β Himalayan glaciers feed Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus β vital for agriculture, hydropower, and drinking water
β Initial melt may cause flooding (e.g., Uttarakhand 2013)
β Long-term effects: reduced river flows during dry seasons
β May trigger:
β’ Water shortages
β’ Crop failures
β’ Interstate water conflicts
β’ Decline in groundwater recharge, esp. in Indo-Gangetic Plain
β’ Disrupted monsoons β strain on water systems
π Urgent need for:
β‘οΈ Sustainable adaptation strategies
β‘οΈ Efficient water management practices
#geography
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Mapping_prelims_mains
πCook Islands
πPolitical Status:
β A self-governing nation in free association with New Zealand. It was formerly a dependent New Zealand colony from 1901 to 1965.
β Citizens of the Cook Islands are also citizens of New Zealand.
β Administrative Centre: Avarua, located on the island of Rarotonga.
β Geography: Situated in Polynesia, Oceania, in the South Pacific Ocean.
Located northeast of New Zealand, between American Samoa and French Polynesia.
β It comprises 15 islands, formed by volcanic activity, with a total land area of approximately 236.7 sq km.
πPolitical Status:
β A self-governing nation in free association with New Zealand. It was formerly a dependent New Zealand colony from 1901 to 1965.
β Citizens of the Cook Islands are also citizens of New Zealand.
β Administrative Centre: Avarua, located on the island of Rarotonga.
β Geography: Situated in Polynesia, Oceania, in the South Pacific Ocean.
Located northeast of New Zealand, between American Samoa and French Polynesia.
β It comprises 15 islands, formed by volcanic activity, with a total land area of approximately 236.7 sq km.
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
β¨ What UPSC Topper IAS Abhi Jain (AIR 34, CSE 2024) says about mentor Sonu Maβam:
βHer mentorship isnβt just teaching β itβs transformation.β ππ₯
Her GS scores = Gold π₯
Her consistency = Diamond π
π LIVE FREE UPSC MAINS Q&A with Sonu Maβam
π 5th July | π 4:30 PM | πZoom
(For CSE 2026)
π― Get your doubts answered by a mentor with 430+ GS score...
π Get Zoom link in group β https://hottg.com/northstarinstitute
Donβt miss this chance to learn what actually works.
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βHer mentorship isnβt just teaching β itβs transformation.β ππ₯
Her GS scores = Gold π₯
Her consistency = Diamond π
π LIVE FREE UPSC MAINS Q&A with Sonu Maβam
π 5th July | π 4:30 PM | πZoom
(For CSE 2026)
π― Get your doubts answered by a mentor with 430+ GS score...
π Get Zoom link in group β https://hottg.com/northstarinstitute
Donβt miss this chance to learn what actually works.
Letβs aim for 420+ in GS β together!
Join Our channel
https://hottg.com/northstarinstitute
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
πIf you really want to succeed in UPSC Prelims 2026, donβt separate your Prelims and Mains.
πFirst Academy in India which deals only with UPSC Prelims exam. This is very different.
Practice from Day 1.
βΆοΈMany failures have cleared Prelims for the first time from our platform. Itβs your turn now.
πSolve the above question: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1401
Telegram link: https://hottg.com/goalTide
πFirst Academy in India which deals only with UPSC Prelims exam. This is very different.
Practice from Day 1.
βΆοΈMany failures have cleared Prelims for the first time from our platform. Itβs your turn now.
πSolve the above question: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1401
Telegram link: https://hottg.com/goalTide
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
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Unlimited GS+Essay evaluation by Interview Appeared Experts!
π₯Features:
1) Unlimited evaluation till Mains
2) Mentorship Support
3) Freedom to pick questions from any source
4) Additional Access to our curated Question Bank
5) Full Length Tests of any institute covered
6) Free Precision Answer Writing Course by Rank Holders
7) Access to Toppers Copies
ππ» For FREE DEMO Evaluation or to Subscribe:
ConvertIAS.com
π―ConvertIAS: Trusted and Recommended by Hundreds of Rankers!
π Distribution of Mineral Oil & Its Global Implications
(UPSC Mains GS1 β 2015 Topic Revisited)
π Uneven Global Distribution
β Major reserves in Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran), North America (USA, Canada), Russia, Venezuela
β Significant offshore deposits in Arctic, North Sea, and West Africa
π Geopolitical Tensions
β Oil-rich nations wield strategic influence
β Oil-importing nations face energy security risks
π Economic Impact
β Drives industrialization and trade
β Prone to market volatility due to demand-supply mismatch
π Environmental Costs
β Extraction leads to pollution, habitat destruction, climate change
β Combustion worsens global warming
π Energy Transition & Future Outlook
β Renewables rising, but oil remains indispensable
β Emphasizes need for sustainable management & equitable resource policies
#GS1 #EnergySecurity
(UPSC Mains GS1 β 2015 Topic Revisited)
π Uneven Global Distribution
β Major reserves in Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran), North America (USA, Canada), Russia, Venezuela
β Significant offshore deposits in Arctic, North Sea, and West Africa
π Geopolitical Tensions
β Oil-rich nations wield strategic influence
β Oil-importing nations face energy security risks
π Economic Impact
β Drives industrialization and trade
β Prone to market volatility due to demand-supply mismatch
π Environmental Costs
β Extraction leads to pollution, habitat destruction, climate change
β Combustion worsens global warming
π Energy Transition & Future Outlook
β Renewables rising, but oil remains indispensable
β Emphasizes need for sustainable management & equitable resource policies
#GS1 #EnergySecurity
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