Root fractures of permanent teeth:
If the fracture is above or close to the gingival crevice, the tooth
should be removed or the coronal fragment should be removed and endodontic treatment performed on the root.

وين وصلتو بالسيرجري

.

demonstrates involvement
from the basal layer to the midportion of the spinous
layer.

demonstrates alterations from
the basal layer to a level above the midpoint of the
epithelium.

After establishing the diagnosis and identifying and quantifying epithelial dysplasia, the management is
Carcinoma in situ or early invasive SCC; excision with free margins

Palatal ecchymosis (Guerin sign) is usually noted.

Edema is often present overlying the fracture sites.
Mobility of the upper jaw.
Step deformity in the infraorbital rim.

he fracture occurs at the level of the piriform aperture and involves the anterior and lateral
walls of the maxillary sinus, lateral nasal walls and pterygoid plates at the junction of the lower
one-third with the upper two_third.

Aneurysmal bone cysts
are seen mostly in patients younger than 30 years

result suggests that cancer has not yet spread to nearby
lymph nodes or other organs

AJCC Eighth Edition Clinical Staging System
< 2cmwith DOI> 5 mm or tumor>2cm and < 4 cm with DOI < l0 mm.

Increased sensitivity to noxious stimulation.

which involves new bone formation through the recruitment and
stimulation of recipient site osteoprogenitor cells using bone growth factors transplanted within
the grafted material.

spindle-shaped cellsthat form a herring-bone pattern seen in