On this day in 1804 Napoleon Bonaparte is proclaimed Emperor of the French by the French Senate. 🇫🇷

-232 years ago, 1789-
Storming of the Bastille, the Bastille represented royal authority in the centre of Paris. The prison contained only seven inmates at the time of its storming, but was seen by the revolutionaries as a symbol of the monarchy's abuse of power. Its fall was the flashpoint of the French Revolution. 🇫🇷

-922 years ago, 1099-
Jerusalem is captured and purified from the Muslims. The siege of Jerusalem (7 June – 15 July 1099) was waged by European forces of the First Crusade, resulting in the capture of the Holy City of Jerusalem from the Muslim Fatimid Caliphate, and laying the foundation for the Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem, which lasted almost a century. 🇻🇦

-103 years ago, 1918-
Execution of the Romanov family, The Russian Imperial Romanov family, were shot and bayoneted to death by Bolshevik revolutionaries under Yakov Yurovsky on the orders of the Ural Regional Soviet in Yekaterinburg on the night of 16–17 July 1918. 🇷🇺

-85 years ago, 1936-
Spanish coup of July 1936, The Spanish coup of July 1936 (Golpe de Estado de España de julio de 1936) was a nationalist and military uprising that was designed to overthrow the Spanish Second Republic but precipitated the Spanish Civil War. Nationalists fought against Republicans for control of Spain. 🇪🇸

-2411 years ago, 390 BC-
Battle of the Allia, was a battle fought between the Gauls led by Brennus who had invaded northern Italy and the Roman Republic. This battle turned into a decisive Gallic victory against the Romans who were at that time the most powerful army, the Romans were routed and Rome was subsequently sacked by the Gauls. 🇫🇷

-2411 years ago, 390 BC-
Sack of Rome by the Gauls,
Following the crushing defeat of the Romans in the Battle of Allia, the Gauls reached Rome without any difficulties. Subsequently they completely plundered the citadel, creating a strong trauma in the Roman collective mind that would prevail for centuries. Indeed this sack of Rome ceased Rome's dream of Hegemony for a couple of centuries, since Rome was labelled at that time as the strongest military force. Thereupon the Gauls would be feared by many across Europe and abroad, Cicero once said "Since Rome started existing, all wise politicians have thought that Rome had no greater threat than the Gauls." 🇫🇷

-77 years ago, 1944-
Operation Valkyrie, on 20 July 1944, Claus von Stauffenberg and other conspirators attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Führer of Nazi Germany, inside his Wolf's Lair field headquarters near Rastenburg, East Prussia. The name Operation Valkyrie originally referring to part of the conspiracy has become associated with the entire event. 🇩🇪

-10 years ago, 2011-
2011 Norway attacks, were two sequential domestic terrorist attacks by Anders Behring Breivik against the government, the civilian population, and a Workers' Youth League (AUF) summer camp, in which 77 people were killed. 🇳🇴

⚠️GRAPHIC CONTENT⚠️
French duel pistol between two men, 1896.🇫🇷

Swiss to vote on allowing same-sex marriage in referendum.

Voters in Switzerland, one of the last Western European countries that still bans gay marriage, will decide in a referendum on Sunday whether to allow same-sex couples to get married and adopt children.

According to the latest opinion poll, supporters of same-sex marriage were in the lead, with 63% of respondents saying they were in favour, but the "no" campaign has gathered steam over the last weeks.🇨🇭

Swiss vote overwhelmingly for same-sex marriage in referendum.

Swiss voters have decided by a clear margin to allow same-sex couples to marry, in a referendum that brings the Alpine nation into line with many others in western Europe.

Official results showed the measure passed with 64.1% of voters in favour and won a majority in all of Switzerland’s 26 cantons.🇨🇭

French start of the school year in 1914.

It can be seen at the end a young child writing “Vive la France” which translates in English to “Long live France” depicting a far more patriotic/nationalistic educational system than the one today.🇫🇷

Japanese soldier surrendering to the American soldiers planned to blow himself with a hand grenade but the soldier wasn’t able to execute his plan.🇺🇸🇯🇵

Snow battle in Lyon, France, 1897.🇫🇷

Hindenburg disaster, 1937.🇩🇪

Least religious Russian babushka