The Write Path | United States America (US)

Create: 2025-01-04 Update: 2025-07-05 03:26:32

OR یا Odds Ratio:

- نسبت شانس (OR) یک معیار آماریه که در مطالعات علمی برای مقایسه شانس وقوع یک نتیجه در یک گروه در معرض در مقابل یک گروه غیر در معرض استفاده میشه.
- نسبت شانس بزرگتر از یک نشون دهنده شانس بالاتر نتیجه، با قرار گرفتن در معرض هستش، در حالی که نسبت شانس کمتر از یک، شانس کمتری رو نشون میده.
- نسبت شانس به طور گسترده در اپیدمیولوژی، کارآزمایی‌های بالینی، سلامت عمومی و رگرسیون لجستیک برای ارزیابی عوامل خطر، اثرات درمان و ارتباط بین مواجهه‌ها و پیامدها استفاده می‌شه.

95% CI یا Confidence Interval 95%:

- فاصله اطمینان 95٪ (CI 95٪) یک محدوده آماریه که برای تخمین عدم قطعیت در اطراف یک پارامتر جمعیت استفاده میشه و محدوده‌ای رو ارائه میده که در اون مقدار واقعی، احتمالاً با اطمینان 95٪ قرار داره.
- این معیار، دقت رو منعکس می کنه، با فواصل باریک‌تر که تخمین‌های دقیق‌تری رو نشون میده.
- در مقالات علمی، CI 95% برای بیان عدم قطعیت، تکمیل آزمایش فرضیه، مقایسه گروه‌ها و تعمیم یافته‌ها استفاده می‌شه که به ارزیابی قابلیت اطمینان نتایج مطالعه کمک می‌کنه.
- به عنوان مثال، یک اثر گزارش شده با فاصله اطمینان 95% [5، 15] نشون دهنده اطمینانِ که اثر واقعی در اون محدوده قرار داره.

P-Value:

- معیاریه که در آزمون فرضیه‌های آماری برای تعیین اینکه آیا نتیجه مشاهده شده از نظر آماری معناداره یا خیر استفاده می‌شه.
- با فرض صحت فرضیه صفر، احتمال به دست آوردن نتیجه‌ای برابر یا شدیدتر از آنچه در واقع مشاهده شده رو نشون می‌ده.
- مقدار P پایین (معمولاً <0.05) نشون می‌ده که داده‌های مشاهده شده در فرضیه صفر بعیده، که منجر به رد فرضیه صفر می‌شه، که نشون می‌ده نتیجه از نظر آماری معنی داره.
- یک مقدار P بالا (> 0.05) نشون می‌ده که داده‌های مشاهده شده احتمالاً تحت فرضیه صفر هستن، به این معنی که شواهد کافی برای رد فرضیه صفر وجود نداره.

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OR یا Odds Ratio:

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