#Unit-32 must - mustn't - needn't

⚡️Further reading on the differences between of must, mustn't and needn't⚡️

1. The modals must, must not and need not have the same form regardless the subject. There is no ending with he/she/it.

► If you want to say that something is necessary or obligatory, use "must":
I must a doctor now.



► If you want to say that something is less necessary, use "need":
- I need to wash my car soon.



🔸🔸must vs. mustn't🔸🔸

🔸 You must do something = it is necessary that you do it:
- Don’t tell anybody what I said. You must keep it a secret.
- We don’t have much time. We must hurry.


🔸 You mustn’t do something = don’t do it:
- You must keep it a secret. You mustn’t tell anyone. (= don’t tell anyone)
- We must be very quiet. We mustn’t make any noise.



🔸🔸needn’t and don’t need to🔸🔸
You needn’t do something = it’s not necessary to do it (but you can if you want):
- We have plenty of time. We needn’t hurry. (= it is not necessary to hurry)
- Joe can stay here. He needn’t come with us. (= it is not necessary for him to come)

You can also use don’t/doesn’t need to:
- We don’t need to hurry.


Note that we say ‘don’t need to do’, but ‘needn’t do’ (without to).


► However, if you want to say that something is unnecessary, use need not, not must not. (The negation of must means not allowed to.)

- I must play football. = I have to play football.

- I need not play football. = I do not need to play football. = I do not have to play football.

- I must not play football. = I am not allowed to play football.

Compare needn’t and mustn’t:
- You needn’t tell Steve. I can tell him myself. (= it is not necessary)
- You mustn’t tell Steve. I don’t want him to know. (= don’t tell him)


🔸🔸 needn’t have (done) and didn’t need to (do) 🔸🔸
He needn’t have done something = he did it, but now we know that it was not necessary:

- Why did he get up at 5 o’clock? He needn’t have got up so early. He could have stayed in bed longer.

He didn’t need to do something = it was not necessary to do it. It doesn’t matter whether he did it or not:

- He didn’t need to get up early, so he didn’t.
- He didn’t need to get up early, but it was a beautiful morning, so he did.
You can also say ‘He didn’t have to get up’ in these examples.

Although they both express an absence of necessity in the past, "didn’t need to" and "needn’t have" can have very different meanings.

When referring to an action that happened in the past that was unnecessary, it is more common in British English to use "needn’t have done". Using didn’t need to in this way is also OK.

- You needn’t have brought dessert. (This form is more common in the UK.)

- You didn’t need to bring dessert.



However, when referring to an action that didn’t happen in the past, we can only use "didn’t need to".

- He started to feel better, so I didn’t need to call the doctor. ✅

- He started to feel better, so I needn’t have called the doctor. ❌


https://hottg.com/English_Grammar_in_Use_5th

We express our solidarity with all the victims of the Israeli war crimes committed in Palestine: all the children, women, men, their families, and their relatives.

Our hearts go out to all of the families of the victims of the brutal and heinous Israeli air attack that targeted the hospital in Gaza and led to the death of hundreds of innocents. We wish you all, and all of your beloved ones, safety, peace, comfort, and lots of love at this time of sorrow.

إننا نعبر، وللأسف هذا كل ما يمكننا فعله، عن تضامننا مع كل ضحايا الحرب التي يشنها كيان الاحتلال على أرضِ فلسطين الحبيبة: متضامنون مع كل الأطفال، والنساء، والرجال، وعائلاتهم، وأقاربهم.


قلوبنا مع كل ضحايا القصف الإسرائيليّ الوحشيّ الغاشم الذي استهدف المشفى في غزة وأودى بحياة مئات الأبرياء. نتمنى لكم، ولكل عوائلكم، وأقربائكم، كل السلامة، والأمان، والشعور بالراحة بعد هذا التعب، ولكم منا كل الحب في هذا الوقت العصيب.


https://hottg.com/English_Grammar_in_Use_5th

As a rule, uncountable nouns such as: 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞, 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐩𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭, 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐟𝐟 etc.

Should not be pluralised by attaching "𝙨" to them— they are regarded as 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐧𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐬 and attract 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐬.

To pluralise uncountable nouns, the use of 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 is required.

Examples of 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 include: 𝙖 𝙥𝙞𝙚𝙘𝙚 𝙤𝙛, 𝙖 𝙥𝙖𝙞𝙧 𝙤𝙛, 𝙖 𝙨𝙡𝙞𝙘𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙖 𝙜𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙨 𝙤𝙛, etc

Ex:
- A piece of information [singular]
- Pieces of information [plural]

However, in the above quiz, 𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙨 [singular] and 𝙞𝙨 [singular] were used to modify the word 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧.