Introduction:
Democracy is commonly understood as a system of governance where people elect their representatives. However, in the Indian context, it goes through institutional structures and signifies core constitutional and civilizational values such as liberty, equality, fraternity, justice, and dignity. It is also an ethical and cultural commitment rooted in our historical and moral traditions.
Body :
Democracy as a System:
👉universal adult suffrage,
👉free and fair elections,
👉rule of law,
👉independent judiciary
👉separation of powers.
👉institutional framework for representative governance and accountable administration. Eg : Parliamentary accountability, EC, CAG etc
Democracy as a Fundamental Value:
👉Embedded in the Constitution:
•The Preamble declares India to be a “Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic”.
•Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles express democratic values like freedom of speech, social justice, and equality.
👉Cultural and Historical Roots:
•Traditions of sabhas and samitis in ancient India and panchayati raj reflect participatory governance.
•Movements led by Gandhi, Ambedkar, Nehru were moral as well as political struggles for democratic rights and dignity.
👉Democratic Ethos in Society:
•Encourages inclusion, pluralism, and non-discrimination.
•Enables public discourse, civil society activism, and dissent—hallmarks of a vibrant democracy.
👉Moral Responsibility:
•Democracy fosters empathy, respect for others’ views, and responsible citizenship.
•Upholds the dignity of individuals, not merely as voters but as conscious participants in nation-building.
Conclusion:
Democracy in India is not just a system of governance, but a living value system that guides both the State and society. As Dr. B.R. Ambedkar warned, without constitutional morality, democracy can be hollow. Hence, the spirit of democracy must be internalised—not just institutionalised—for India’s progress to be just, inclusive, and enduring.
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